Vesicoureteric reflux

Significance of vesicoureteric reflux.

Vesicoureteric reflux in children.

Vesicoureteric reflux is defined as the retrograde passage of urine from the bladder into one or both ureters and often up to the kidneys, and mainly affects babies and infants. In severe cases dilatation of the ureter, renal pelvis, and calyces might be seen. Traditionally it was thought that only a low percentage of children have vesicoureteric reflux, but studies have suggested as many as 25...

Diagnosis of Vesicoureteric Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy

FIGURE 8-12 International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The severity of VUR is most frequently classified according to the International Grading System of Vesicoureteral Reflux, using a standardized technique for performance of voiding cystourethrography. The definitions of this system are illustrated in Figure 8-4 and are as follows. In grade I, reflux only int...

Renal scarring and vesicoureteric reflux.

A review of 105 children with urinary tract infection showed an increasing prevalence of grades II-III vesicoureteric reflux with diminishing age. During infancy reflux was almost always severe, and affected boys as often as girls. Radiologically scarred kidneys were drained by refluxing ureters in 98% of cases. The prevalence of scars also rose significantly with increasinglyly severe reflux. ...

Vesicoureteric reflux: screening of first degree relatives.

Thirty three healthy infants and children with a family history of reflux nephropathy or vesicoureteric reflux in first degree relatives were screened for upper urinary tract abnormalities (renal scarring or pelvicaliceal dilatation) using ultrasound scanning or intravenous urography, or both. In addition, micturating cystourethrography was carried out in all infants and children under 2 years ...